The term "new immigrants" primarily refers to individuals from which region?

The term "new immigrants" primarily refers to individuals from Southern and Eastern Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This wave of immigration was characterized by a significant influx of people from countries such as Italy, Poland, Russia, and Greece. These immigrants arrived seeking better economic opportunities and fleeing various hardships, including political turmoil, persecution, and poverty in their home countries.

This period marked a shift from earlier immigration patterns, which predominantly featured immigrants from Northern and Western Europe. The arrival of new immigrants brought considerable cultural diversity but also led to a range of social challenges and tensions, as established American society grappled with integrating these populations.

The term is thus historically context-specific, emphasizing the demographic and social changes that occurred in the United States as this group made substantial contributions to the nation's economy and culture while facing unique challenges of assimilation and discrimination.