What best explains the increase in tariff rates in the United States from 1865 to 1900?

The increase in tariff rates in the United States from 1865 to 1900 is best explained by the belief among Republicans that high tariffs would protect American business from foreign competition. Following the Civil War, the U.S. economy was undergoing significant industrialization, and many Republicans viewed tariffs as a vital tool to foster domestic industries. By imposing higher tariffs on imported goods, the government aimed to encourage Americans to buy domestic products, thus supporting local manufacturers and promoting economic growth.

During this period, the Republican Party held significant political power and strongly advocated for protectionist policies. High tariffs were seen as essential for safeguarding American industries against cheaper foreign goods, ensuring the prosperity of U.S. manufacturers, and facilitating job creation within the country. The economic theory of mercantilism, which emphasizes the importance of a strong national economy supported by governmental policies, was influential in shaping this perspective.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the prevailing sentiments or policies during this period. While the Democratic Party did argue for lower tariffs, particularly to support farmers, this was not the dominant rationale for the overall trend. The Progressives, who came later in the early 20th century, began to advocate for various reforms, including free trade, but their influence on tariff