Which Progressive reform was most directly associated with promoting "active citizenship" among the populace?

The choice of the direct election of senators as the reform most directly associated with promoting "active citizenship" among the populace is significant because it fundamentally changed the way citizens participated in the democratic process. Before the 17th Amendment, which established the direct election of senators in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. This system often resulted in a disconnect between the electorate and their representation, as many citizens felt their voices were not directly influencing their senators' selection.

By allowing citizens to elect their senators directly, this reform empowered individuals to play a more active role in government and encouraged greater political engagement. Voters could hold their representatives accountable to the public, leading to a more informed and involved electorate. This shift not only enhanced the concept of active citizenship but also addressed concerns about corruption and elitism in politics.

While women's suffrage, child labor laws, and labor rights advocacy all contributed to a more engaged citizenry by advocating for various rights and protections, the direct election of senators specifically targeted the mechanics of democratic participation, making it a key reform in the Progressive movement aimed at expanding active citizenship among the populace.